Applied Sciences Research Periodicals

Design of a Portable and Low-Cost Power Supply for Laboratory Projects Using the Switch-Mode Method

Samuel Yemoh Tetteh-Abaku — 2025-10-13

Ghana is growing increasingly concerned about regular power outages. This issue occasionally impacts laboratory research, practical work, and experimentation. Additionally, it hinders research projects and students' academic advancement. The purpose of this project is to design and construct a dual power supply for laboratory instruments which uses a 12V battery as the source of input energy. This project consists of a combination of set-up circuit, double-ended Push-Pull (dc-ac) and Boost (dc-dc) converter with switching element made up of bipolar transistors are switched 'on' and 'off using PWM controller CD4047 with switching frequencies of 50 Hz and 1 KHz.The converter operates from a 12V battery providing output power at 250 V (2A) AC and 12V (2A) DC. A double-ended Push-Pull converter receives energy from the input source when the switch is 'on' and then pumps energy into the primary windings of the transformer. Energy flows from the input winding to the transformer output winding when the switch is 'off. The isolation transformer converts the de-input to AC output. Boost converter is a de-de converter, designed without a transformer or inductor; it allows the output voltage to be greater than the input voltage. The method is similar to that of a double-ended Push-Pull converter. The developed dual power supply, no-load AC output produces 250 volts with zero current and 237 V- 238 V, on-load with a current of 0. 18 A to 0.19 A respectively depending on the load. The de-de converter output produced values from 0-12V for the input of 8V to 12V. The power supply that has been developed is highly beneficial for domestic, laboratory, and research purposes.

Determination of the Effect of Malaria Parasite in Pregnant Women Attending Selected Health Facilities in Port Harcourt, Rivers State

Chiladi Jeff Isomah — 2025-09-19

The study which aimed at determining the effect of malaria on pregnancy was conducted among pregnant women using peripheral blood and microscopy in Obio/Akpor Local Government Area of Rivers State.. The study was carried out between September 2022 and November 2022. A total of three hundred pregnant women were sampled for malaria parasites infection using thick and thin film smears. The result showed a prevalence of 21.66% (65/300). It was found that women in their first pregnancy had the highest prevalence of 35.0% (35/100) with age range of 26 – 30 years. Highest prevalence of 11.66% (35/300) was also recorded among women in their first trimester. Haematological parameters were analyzed using standard methods. Overall, the moderate reduction in haemoglobin concentration and packed cell volume (PCV) in patients were higher in second and third trimester than the first trimester with a lower level (p>0.05). There was no significant differences observed in the subjects with respect to the trimesters. There was a significant rise in neutrophils and a decrease in lymphocytes in all subjects irrespective of the trimester. The raised neutrophils count is attributed to febrile conditions that accompanies malaria especially in pregnant women. It is deduced that most of the cases of malaria observed from the study is due to unverified presence of malaria parasite at the time of antenatal registration. In line with this, it is therefore recommended that pregnant women adhere to prophylasis where necessary to reduce the possible effects of malaria in pregnancy. There is also need for people need for public enlightenment periodically.

A Gravimetric Method for the Determination of Total Silica as SiO2 Content in Ultra Temp 516-T Sample by ASTM Method

Y. Yildiz — 2025-09-05

The silica content, expressed as a percentage by the mass of SiO₂. ASTM-D-501 Gravimetric Method Section 51. Standard Method specifies a gravimetric method for the determination of the silica content of ceramacoat thinner. This gravimetric test method covers procedures for the chemical analysis of silica content (SiO₂) in Ceramacoat 512-T Thinner. In this study. Percent silica content has been determined successfully. The results of the gravimetrically determination of silica in Ceramacoat sample were %23.63, and %23.37 in respectively. Percent Standard Deviation is % 1.56.

Chromium and Fluorine Insolubilize Agents and a Treatment Method on Biomass Incinerated Ash

Masaaki Takahashi — 2025-09-04

Biomass incinerated ash sometimes contains hazardous substances such as hexavalent chromium and fluorine, which poses an obstacle to recycling. In order to remove or insolubilize these harmful substances, aqueous solution of Iron (II) sulfate and mixed solution of sulfuric acid and calcium hydrogen phosphate were added to the incineration ash. In order to thoroughly detoxify the ash, we devised a method in which an excessive amount of treatment liquid is added to the ash, and the surplus water generated is used for monitoring or reused as treatment water. This made it possible to reduce the harmful substances in the ash to below the environmental standard value in a short time.

Comparative Cytomorphological Analysis on Liquid PRFs Produced with DUO Fixed Angle Centrifuge and Oscillating Centrifuge

Michela Crisci — 2025-09-18

Background: Liquid PRF is an injectable second-generation platelet concentrate rich in platelets, leukocytes, and fibrinogen obtained by centrifugation of autologous blood. Methods: This study aimed to analyze the cellular and fibrinogen content of various types of liquid PRF (C-PRF liquid, A-PRF liquid, i-PRF, liquid fibrinogen) obtained using a swinging centrifuge with Vacumed FL tubes (code 44909) compared to that obtained with a fixed-angle centrifuge DUO and the original S-PRF Sticky tube. This study found that the average accumulation of thrombocytes was approximately 1.5 times higher than that observed in whole blood. Due to the high concentration of platelets and leukocytes, liquid PRFs contain important growth factors for tissue regeneration. Results: In this definitive study we have highlighted that with the use of the Oscillating centrifuge, the type of Liquid PRF with the highest content of Platelets (133.1% vs 122.9%) is the A-PRF liquid (1300 rpm × 5'), the one with the highest content of Monocytes (142.9% vs 125.0%), with a sufficient content of Lymphocytes (220.0% vs 198.7%), Neutrophil Granulocytes (54.0% vs 58.8%) and Fibrinogen (97.1% vs 104.3%), is the i-PRF (700 rpm × 5 min) obtained with the Vacumed FL tube (code 44909) with statistically insignificant differences compared to those obtained with the S-PRF Sticky test tube, while the content of Fibrinogen present in C-PRF (2500 rpm × 8') is higher (104.0% vs 106.5%) obtained with the with S-PRF Sticky tube with a significant difference (p=0.013). Cellular score was also calculated, finding that the type of liquid PRF with the highest score was i-PRF (700 rpm × 5’) extracted with a Vacumed FL tube in a rocking centrifuge (127.17%). Conclusions: Values were significantly higher than those obtained with the Fixed Angle Centrifuge and with the S-PRF Sticky tube. However, when calculating the cellular score, the highest result, equal to 127.2%, was obtained with i-PRF (700 rpm × 5’) with Vacumed FL tube and Oscillating Centrifuge.

Electrical Properties of Silicon Nanowire MOS Device

Ravi Kumar Chanana — 2025-09-12

In this research article, the electrical properties of a 1nm diameter Silicon nanowire MOSFET are calculated utilizing the universal mass-energy equivalence relation for the semiconductors to find the intrinsic Fermi energy level in the bandgap below the Silicon conduction band. The conduction band offset, Fowler-Nordheim electron tunnelling onset field, leakage current density in the oxide at FN onset field, the electrical oxide breakdown field, the total interface trap density, and the average channel electron mobility are all surveyed and calculated theoretically. The determined properties suggest robustness of the SiNW MOS device.

Role of Leadership Style in Project Success a Case Study of Development Projects

Khalid Ismail Ali — 2025-09-19

The success of development projects largely depends on effective leadership, yet many projects worldwide continue to fail, resulting in significant financial and operational losses. Leadership style plays a critical role in influencing project outcomes by shaping team performance, resource utilization, and stakeholder satisfaction. Despite the extensive global literature on leadership and project management, there is limited empirical evidence from Somaliland, particularly in Hargeisa, where development projects are increasingly implemented. This study seeks to critically examine the role of leadership style in the success of development projects in Hargeisa. A descriptive research design was adopted, targeting a population of 80 respondents, including program managers, project managers, project officers, administration officers, and finance officers. Using Slovene’s formula, a purposive sample of 63 participants was selected. Data was collected through semi-structured interviews and questionnaires, complemented by secondary sources such as books, reports, and published studies. Both qualitative and quantitative methods were applied in data analysis, with the aid of the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS). Findings from this study are expected to provide insights into the understanding of leadership in project management, identify the most effective leadership styles for project success, highlight essential leadership skills, and explore key challenges in managing development projects in Hargeisa. The research contributes to filling the literature gap in the local context, while offering practical recommendations for policymakers, project managers, and development organizations to improve leadership practices and enhance project success rates.

The Application of Building Information Modeling Tools in Decreasing Energy Consumption in Sustainable Architecture (A Case Study of University Buildings)

Qubad Sabah Haseeb — 2025-09-26

Over the past few years, more and more people have been showing an interest in nonrenewable natural resources. Among such resources, the ones used to generate electricity are at the top of the list. The reason for this is pretty simple: the electricity production system as a whole is very detrimental to the environment. Studies have shown that non-eco-friendly buildings (i.e., those that aren't designed with passive solar heating and cooling in mind) account for a big chunk of that electricity. The technological advancements and the surging need for them in many areas have made engineering and construction change. They are needed in a range of industries and skills. Now more than ever before, a lot of construction specialties have to use, or at least have to be very familiar with a lot of computer-based software to carry out their jobs well. In particular, building design specialties especially in the area of structural engineering have to use a lot of computer-based engineering and drafting software now. Revit, Autodesk's software, was employed to build a three-dimensional, true-to-life model. This research project explores using Building Information Modeling (BIM) for energy analysis in a housing context, to examine the design of a house that is not only aesthetically pleasing but also energy-efficient.

Dream Code: Unlocking Your Next Level — Exploring Motivation, Impact, and Educational Implications

Rene` Level — 2025-10-03

Dream Code: Unlocking Your Next Level is a poetry collection by Dr. Rene’ Level intended to inspire personal growth, self‑belief, and transformative action. This article examines the motivations behind the writing of the book, the dynamics of its launch event, and early responses from readers and attendees. Using qualitative methods—including interviews, event observations, and survey feedback—findings reveal themes of empowerment, hope, and community engagement. The book launch acted as a catalyst for collective reflection and intention-setting. Implications are discussed for educators and community leaders seeking to integrate poetry and creative expression into empowerment programs.

Using Lot Quality Assessment Survey (LQAS) to Evaluate the Quality of Polio Outbreak Response (OBR) Campaigns Across Implementing States in Nigeria

Usman Tijjani — 2025-10-03

This abstract introduces the findings from the application Lot Quality Assessment Survey (LQAS) conducted to evaluate the quality of five (5) different Polio Outbreak Response campaigns conducted across Nigerian states in the year 2024. During the period under review, five (5) rounds of LQAS were conductedafter the implementation of Outbreak Response (OBR) campaigns in March, April, September, October, and November 2024, where 1,262 Local Government Areas (LGAs), also referred to as LOTS, were surveyed. Among these figures, 132 LGAs (Lots), which represent 10.4% of the LGAs (Lots), did not meet the established quality benchmarks, highlighting the actual areas that require urgent intervention. The LQAS methodology has helped program managers identify the specific LGAs (Lots) that need revaccination activities, thereby optimizing resource allocation and campaign effectiveness across the board. The analysis conducted on the LQAS data has helped in identifying the main reasons why missed vaccinations take place, and these have resulted in 41.80% child absence, household not visited by the vaccination teams at 30.73%, non-compliance cases at 25.62%, security concerns at 1.34% and children not yet born stand at 1,09%. The insight provided by the LQAS data informed targeted strategies to address gaps in the Polio Immunization coverage. Overall, the findings from the LQAS proved to be a valuable monitoring tool that helped in supporting data-driven decision making and enhancing the overall quality and impact of Polio OBR campaigns in the effort to achieve cVPV2 virus eradication goals in Nigeria.

Hepatitis BScreening and Immunization Status among Gambian Healthcare Workers - A Pilot Study

Abdoulie B Badjie — 2025-10-13

This pilot study, conducted at Edward Francis Small Teaching Hospital in The Gambia, assessed Hepatitis B immunity and vaccination coverage among 70 healthcare workers, revealing significant gaps in protection despite occupational exposure risks. Although 60% of individuals reported receiving at least one HBV vaccine dose, only 40% demonstrated immunity, and 65.5% of vaccinated individuals lacked protective antibodies. Older workers (42+ years) were disproportionately unvaccinated (60%), and overall HBV prevalence was 4.29%, rising to 7.1% among the unvaccinated. The study underscores the urgent need for systematic HBV screening, targeted vaccination, and post-vaccination monitoring to improve healthcare worker safety and reduce transmission.

Manifestation of Einstein’s Mass-Energy Equivalence

Ravi Kumar Chanana — 2025-10-13

This brief review mainly highlights the new manifestations of Einstein’s mass-energy equivalence in the differential form based on the author’s research. The older established demonstrations are also mentioned briefly to give a wholesome picture of all the manifestations of the mass-energy equivalence principle.