Applied Sciences Research Periodicals

Emerging Sustainability Practices: Education, Green Hydrogen, and Methodological Approaches and Analyses for Sustainability Challenges

Fri, 03 Apr 2026 00:00:00 +0100

Sustainability is a global imperative in the face of escalating climate crises, diminishing natural resources, and growing energy demands. The core concept of sustainability—meeting the needs of the present generation without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own—has long guided efforts in sustainable development, climate action, and the energy transition. In this article, the authors—participants in the 2025 Oxford Round Table Symposium on Education and Sustainability—examine how sustainability has progressed in the education and energy sectors, with a particular focus on green hydrogen production. We also explore persistent sustainability challenges, including increasing energy demands, land use issues associated with data centers, and limited public understanding and systematic failures in recycling and waste management. Despite these ongoing challenges, we offer a hopeful perspective, advocating for expanded government support in areas such as environmental education, recycling, and cross-sector partnerships. We also underscore the value of engaging individuals through personification and localization of sustainability efforts. Throughout the article, we incorporate diverse perspectives from professors and students across disciplines including chemical engineering, political science, critical writing, mathematics, physics-informed neural network, pure chemistry and health.

Saturated Electron Drift Velocity in a Semiconductor Got from the Constant Zone-Averaged Conductivity Effective Mass

Ravi Kumar Chanana — Mon, 27 Apr 2026 00:00:00 +0100

This short communication presents the drift velocity of electrons at saturation under high electric fields in a particular direction in semiconductors, at 300K of temperature. 8K temperature is also considered for Ge[100]. The velocities are calculated using the underlying property of conductivity effective mass of electrons at velocity saturation for one conduction valley that is zone-averaged and remains constant under electric field and temperature stress. The velocities are presented in Table1. The Table also shows a 12-18% heat energy loss when calculated and observed values of the saturated drift velocities of electrons are compared. The heat energy loss is presented in the last column of the Table.

Shroud of Turin: The Passing of Time Thikens the Mystery

Bruno M. Strangio, Fiorenza Z. Strangio, Giovanni Fazio — Fri, 24 Apr 2026 00:00:00 +0100

Scientific literature shows that there have been few direct studies on the Shroud of Turin regarding a natural process capable of producing the Image of the Body. We support this hypothesis because: i) according to the chemistry and physics of linen, there was no intervention by a medieval forger, ii) in addition to physics, theology also denies the action of a supernatural event. These results should pave the way for a natural process. Now, even though we have a lot of data, we have not been able to put them together to extract the natural mechanism that explains the formation of the image. The failure makes us think that even our model might be imperfect, as has been the case with other natural models presented previously. Therefore, we should conclude that, at the moment, the natural hypothesis does not seem to work, just as the hypotheses of the forger and the extraordinary event (miracle) did not work. However, this state of affairs cannot last over time. Today we are in the incredible, so an explanation will be found.

The Future of Christian Counseling Integration, and the Dual Language Theory (Series 1)

Nganje Nelson Nako — Mon, 27 Apr 2026 00:00:00 +0100

The decade 2015–2025 marked a decisive turning point in Christian counseling integration. Rapid advances in trauma science, neuroscience, and relational spirituality exposed deep fragmentation across the four dominant models—Biblical Counseling, Integration, Christian Psychology, and Transformational/Spiritual Formation. Each model contributed essential insights yet struggled to offer a coherent, multi‑level anthropology capable of addressing the complex realities of trauma, homelessness, addiction, and identity disruption. This article reviews the major debates shaping the decade, analyzes the strengths and limitations of each model, and positions the Dual‑Language Theory (DLT) as a unifying framework. DLT distinguishes the Language of Formation (identity, emotion, narrative, spirituality) from the Language of Function (behavior, neurobiology, relationships, coping), grounding both in Scripture and general revelation. By offering an epistemologically clear, clinically informed, and theologically robust structure, DLT provides a path toward whole‑person transformation and a renewed future for Christian counseling integration.

The Dual-Language Theory: A Trauma-Informed, Spiritually Integrated Framework for Whole-Person Transformation

Nganje Nelson Nako — Mon, 27 Apr 2026 00:00:00 +0100

The Dual‑Language Theory (DLT) advances a hermeneutically disciplined, trauma‑attuned, and spiritually integrated framework for understanding and facilitating whole‑person transformation among individuals experiencing complex trauma, homelessness, and substance use. DLT argues that human experience is best interpreted through two complementary “languages”: a psychological language (e.g., trauma, attachment, regulation, identity, meaning‑making) and a biblical–spiritual language (e.g., imago Dei, belovedness, covenant, grace, calling). Rather than collapsing one discourse into the other, DLT positions these languages in a covenantal, dialogical relationship in which Scripture provides the governing anthropology and teleology, while psychological science offers descriptive clarity regarding mechanisms of suffering and change. This article (1) situates DLT within contemporary debates on integration and hermeneutics, (2) articulates its seven‑pillar architecture of recovery and restoration, (3) outlines its four‑stage cyclical process of stabilization and transformation, and (4) sketches its resonance with emerging research on trauma, resilience, spirituality, and homelessness. It concludes that DLT constitutes a practice‑ready, theologically governed, and clinically credible model for church‑based ministries and behavioral health settings serving trimorbid populations.

The Dual Language Theory View of Human Nature: A Unified Psychological–Biblical Anthropology

Nganje Nelson Nako — Mon, 27 Apr 2026 00:00:00 +0100

The Dual-Language Theory (DLT) offers a meta-integrative framework for understanding human nature that synthesizes contemporary psychological science with Christian theological anthropology. DLT posits two complementary interpretive languages: the Language of Function (psychological descriptions of neurobiological mechanisms, relational processes, and behavioral patterns) and the Language of Formation (biblical revelation of identity, moral ontology, spiritual purpose, and eschatological telos). Through eight core dimensions—integration, storiedness, relationality, woundedness, transformability, dignity/agency, meaning-orientation, and synthesis—this article articulates a multi-level anthropology that addresses longstanding tensions between empirical psychology and theological sufficiency. Drawing on trauma theory (van der Kolk, 2014), attachment research (Siegel, 2012), narrative psychology (McAdams, 2013), interpersonal neurobiology (Schore, 2012), and Christian psychology (Johnson, 2017), DLT provides conceptual coherence for clinicians and pastors navigating complex trauma presentations within faith-based contexts. Clinical implications, training applications, and empirical research recommendations are proposed to operationalize DLT as a testable model of whole-person transformation.

Qualities of a Wise Counselor: A Dual Language Theory Analysis of the Book of Colossians

Nganje Nelson Nako — Mon, 27 Apr 2026 00:00:00 +0100

This article offers a close exegetical reading of the Epistle to the Colossians to identify six qualities of a “wise counselor” modeled in Paul’s pastoral ministry, interpreted through the integrative framework of the Dual‑Language Theory (DLT). DLT distinguishes yet coordinates two interpretive registers—the theological Language of Formation (identity in Christ, sanctification, eschatological hope) and the psychological Language of Function (emotional regulation, behavioral patterns, relational dynamics)—holding them in disciplined, non‑competitive dialogue under Scripture’s normative authority. Drawing on advances in trauma‑informed Christian care, spiritually integrated psychotherapy, and Pauline ethics, the study shows how Paul’s approach anticipates contemporary integrative counseling: assessing gospel application through observable fruit (1:3–6); persevering in intercession (1:9–11); making God’s word plain (1:25–2:5); warning against deceptive narratives (2:6–23); prescribing heart‑level “put off/put on” practices (3:1–17); and cultivating devotional rhythms for sustained change (4:2). Colossians thus emerges not merely as a historical artifact but as a constructive vision for whole‑person transformation in Christ. The analysis reveals a holistic pastoral posture that is theologically robust (Christocentric sufficiency), psychologically astute (attuned to mechanisms of suffering and growth), relationally embedded (communal and familial contexts), spiritually formative (intercession and disciplines), and culturally discerning (contesting rival ideologies). By mapping these qualities onto DLT's dual languages, the article contributes to biblical-theological reflection on Pauline care while offering Christian counselors a practice-ready paradigm that resists both spiritualized moralism and secular reductionism. Colossians thus emerges not merely as a historical artifact but as a constructive vision for whole-person transformation in Christ.

Rays Diffraction at the Wedge

Salvatore Ganci — Sun, 19 Apr 2026 00:00:00 +0100

This paper describes some phenomenological aspects when a laser beam obliquely hits the edge of a half-plane.

Effects of COVID-19 Lockdown on Exercise Habits of College Students

Saori Hanaki, Joshuah I. Anderson, Logan A. Frost — Sun, 19 Apr 2026 00:00:00 +0100

The COVID-19 pandemic led to the closure of facilities, including universities, in many parts of the world. College students who rely heavily on social connections for their physical and emotional health were likely affected negatively by social isolation, which in turn affected their well-being. The current study evaluated the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic lockdown on exercise habits among full-time college students. An anonymous online survey on weekly exercise frequency and perceived barriers to exercise participation pre- and during the COVID-19-led lockdown was completed. Based on the response by 179 full-time college students attending a university in the Western United States (M_age = 21.92, SD = 2.55; 26.3% male; 73.3% female), weekly frequency in resistance training, running/jogging, and walking decreased even though most felt that staying physically active during the COVID-19 outbreak was as important or more important. Perceptions of “lack of safety” and “lack of resources/equipment” increased, but “lack of time” decreased with the lockdown. The results suggest that the COVID-19-related lockdown significantly affected college students’ exercise habits. Exercise frequency decreased, and perceived barriers to exercise generally increased during the COVID-19 lockdown.

The Knowledge Produced by Man could Transform Humanity into a Tower of Babel

Fiorenza Z. Strangio, Bruno M. Strangio, Giovanni Fazio — Fri, 10 Apr 2026 00:00:00 +0100

Reading the biblical episode entitled 'The Tower of Babel,' Genesis (11:1-9), takes us back to the future of humanity. In ancient times, as today, man has always sought to demonstrate that it is possible to reach God. And the construction of the tower was an act of rebellion against God. Yesterday, the means were bricks and bitumen; today they are the Knowledge produced by man and the Technology used. Today's man already sees himself as powerful and only thinks of increasing this power; he does not think that he has triggered a mechanism that could lead humanity into chaos. In this article, we want to show how it is possible to reach a point of no return. Furthermore, we maintain that the disaster we have announced is far more destructive than any calamity that has ever struck the Earth.

University Lecturers’ Professional Adaptability in the Age of Artificial Intelligence: Evidence from Vietnam’s Higher Education Context

Tran Minh Duc — Thu, 09 Apr 2026 00:00:00 +0100

Generative AI, in particular, has begun to change how teaching, learning, and assessment are approached in higher education. A significant amount of literature has been produced on technology in education; however, less attention has been given to the professional adaptations that university lecturers are making, particularly in developing higher education systems such as Vietnam. This paper elaborates on professional adaptability, particularly among university lecturers, in the context of the transformative effects of AI in education. The study utilizes a professional adaptability framework and a cross-sectional survey of university lecturers in Vietnam to explore the multidimensional nature of lecturers' professional adaptability, as well as to identify the factors that most significantly influence their adaptability to AI integration in teaching. The results indicate that lecturers demonstrate a moderate level of professional adaptability, and that strong openness to technological experimentation and professional learning serves as a key facilitator; however, challenges remain in assessment design and the ethical and regulatory governance of AI. Regression analyses further show that AI literacy, institutional support, and positive attitudes toward AI are the most significant factors influencing lecturers’ professional adaptability. The study contributes to the growing body of knowledge on AI in higher education by offering a multidimensional analytical framework of professional adaptability that incorporates technological, pedagogical, ethical, and professional learning dimensions. From a practical standpoint, the findings provide guidance for universities and policymakers seeking to support lecturers in addressing the pedagogical and governance challenges of AI-driven education.

Analysis of 51Peg-b

Bijay_Kumar Sharma — Fri, 20 Mar 2026 00:00:00 +0000

51 Pegassi b is the first exoplanet to be discovered in the history of astronomy and astrophysics. This is a hot Jupiter trapped in a subsynchronous orbit . In 2Gy it has spiraled from aG1, first Clarke’s Orbit at 0.06344AU, to the present orbit at aexo = 0.0530025AU .Setting up the star and exo-planet in primary centric framework we get the theoretical = 0.19128 and observed = 4.23 d21.9 d = 0.193151 almost coincident within error bars . This implies that equation is correctly set up. The exponent Q = 2.7251in radial velocity expression is obtained from Mean Motion Resonance =2 considerations and by setting up the transit time from aG1 to the current semi-major axis aexo in 2Gy (the age of 51Peg b system) the structure constant is obtained as K = 21051. Once Q and K are determined the Transit Time integral is correctly set up. Using this transit time set up , at four check points within the current semi-major axis the transit time is calculated by the Kinematic Model developed by the Author and by the Seismic Model currently being used by the scientific community. The seismic model gives a conservative estimate of the transit times.The Roche’s limit 4.34109m= 0.029AU and by primary centric model the exo-planet will take 77.7 My from now to enter the Roche’s zone. 51 Pegasi b fits accurately in the primary centric framework.

The Relative Variability Dependence of the Genetic Material, Interruption Epoch of Plantation and Planting on Potato Quality

Ioan Gontariu, Dan Hoffman — Wed, 01 Apr 2026 00:00:00 +0100

The agrotehnological measures which have a major negative impact on the planting material rated capacity are the following: on the first place is situated the planting of the potato 30 days later, followed by stems damaging after 20 days from the warning. From quantity point of view the later planting and the vegetation interruption had a negative effect on theplanting material rated capacity at both cultivars (Astral and Rapsodia). The diminishing of the planting material rated capacity, as a consequence of the vegetation interruption was significantly amplified when the planting activity was accomplished earlier both in Suceava and Lucina at the cultivars Rapsodia and Astral. In comparison with Suceava, in Lucina was registered a significant grows of the tuber yields used like planting material (13.3 q/ha), representing a significant increase of the yield with 9%. The quantitative estimation of the triple interactions (cultivar –planting time - stage of the vegetation interruption) suggested that the yields diminishing are caused by the later planting being dependent by the stage of the vegetation interruption too. If in Suceava those two cultivars reacted in a similar manner, in Lucina the postponement of the vegetation interruption with 20 days, attenuated the limitative effect of the planting delay only at the Astral cultivar.

Moisture Sorption Studies of Extruded Maize/Soybean Snacks

Osibanjo A. A., Sowbhagya C. M., Olatunji O. O. — Wed, 01 Apr 2026 00:00:00 +0100

Moisture sorption studies of two variants (sweet and spiced) of extruded, ready to eat maize/soybean snacks was done to ascertain their behaviour, integrity, stability and acceptability post production, as these are dried products with a tendency for moisture uptake. The snacks were exposed to relative hunidity conditions of 11 – 92% at 27 o C, for a period of four weeks. Weighing was done weekly until equilibrium was attained. Colour and other deterioration changes were also observed. It was found that both variants were similar in composition and behaviour. Critical moisture content in the sweet variant was 9.4% (corresponding to an equilibrium RH of 44%) and 11.9% in the spiced (corresponding to an ERH of 56%) implying the maximum moisture content permissible for product acceptability. The Brunauer - Emmett - Teller (BET) monolayer moisture content was found to be 5.56 % for the sweet sample and 5.88% for the spiced, indicating the minimum moisture levels to which these samples can be dried economically and also at which the snacks have the most desirable physico-chemical attibutes and maximum stability with respect to rancidity

The Wamachinga Protocol - An Integrated Socio-Technical System for Empowering the Informal Economy for Tanzania Development Vision 2050 (Dira 2050)

Sun, 26 Apr 2026 00:00:00 +0100

Background: The Tanzanian informal economy, driven by "Wamachinga" (street vendors), constitutes over 60% of the urban workforce yet remains digitally invisible to formal financial systems. As Tanzania pursues the strategic milestones of the Tanzania Development Vision 2050 (Dira 2050), traditional financing models—including Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) and Official Development Assistance (ODA)—are proving insufficient for domestic resource mobilization. Objective: This research introduces the "Wamachinga Protocol," a decentralized socio-technical framework designed to bridge the gap between informal micro-transactions and formal capital markets. The protocol aims to transition vendors from "digital invisibility" to "investment readiness." Methodology: Utilizing a Design-Based Research (DBR) approach, the study evolved through three iterative phases: (1) capturing peer-to-peer "Undugu" trust logic via smartphone interfaces, (2) prototyping Blockchain-based Decentralized Identity (DID) for immutable record-keeping, and (3) deploying AI-driven heuristic scoring to assess risk in low-bandwidth (USSD) environments. Results: The findings demonstrate that street-level transaction velocity can be mathematically converted into "Trust Capital" using the heuristic equation $TS = \alpha(V) + \beta(P) + \gamma(C) - \delta(D)$. This Trust Capital enables vendors to bypass traditional collateral requirements, facilitating direct access to sovereign investment vehicles such as UTT AMIS and Treasury Bonds. Conclusion: The Wamachinga Protocol provides a scalable model for domestic resource mobilization in Sub-Saharan Africa. It suggests that by digitizing communal trust into verifiable credentials, emerging economies can achieve financial sovereignty and meet UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) without total reliance on external debt.

Energy at the Intrinsic Fermi Level and at the Fermi Level Pinning in the Bandgap of a Semiconductor

Ravi Kumar Chanana — Fri, 27 Mar 2026 00:00:00 +0000

This short communication describes a new way of finding energy levels in the bandgap of a semiconductor using the conductivity effective mass of electron for one valley at velocity saturation, especially in the cubic semiconductors. The already known method uses the density of states (DOS) carrier masses. The new method using the physics of the universal mass-energy equivalence relation in the differential form in semiconductors distinguishes between three types of energy levels. These energy levels are the intrinsic Fermi energy level, the pinned Fermi energy level due to high density of surface states in the bandgap, and charge neutrality level (CNL) which is the border of the donor and the acceptor states in a semiconductor bandgap. Examples of Si [100], Ge [100], GaAs [100], and amorphous thermal SiO₂ are taken to illustrate the above energy levels.

Fundamental Advantages of the Ultrasonic Method for Detecting Gravitational Waves

Chernobay I. A. — Tue, 07 Apr 2026 00:00:00 +0100

A previously unknown physical phenomenon of the effect of gravitational fields on ultrasonic waves propagating in nonlinear media has been discovered and established. A new promising gravitational wave detector has been developed and successfully tested based on this discovery. Two independent measuring channels with nonlinear, acoustically transparent media, in which ultrasonic waves propagate in opposite directions, were created for this purpose. By creating physical conditions, including pressure and temperature, ultrasonic waves are converted into test bodies continuously suspended in nonlinear, acoustically transparent media. In this case, the created test bodies, in the form of ultrasonic waves, are subject to the influence of gravitational waves during their propagation. The influence is realized through the dynamic forces caused by gravitational waves when they influence the instantaneous densities of ultrasonic waves propagating in nonlinear media. Gravitational waves are reliably detected by differentially measuring the mutual fluctuations of ultrasonic waves passing through acoustically transparent media in opposite directions. Direct dynamic measurements of signal fluctuations caused by the direct modulation of ultrasonic waves by gravitational waves provide the fundamental basis for the ultrasonic method. The developed ultrasonic detector enables continuous observation of numerous gravitational waves not only in our Galaxy but also in the Universe. Numerous gravitational oscillations of neutron star pulsars in our Galaxy are constantly observed in various directions of space, and gravitational supernova explosions in the Universe are observed almost continuously. Numerous gravitational waves from our Sun are also observed. The operation of the ultrasonic detector provides evidence of the enormous propagation speed of gravitational waves compared to the speed of light. These results are fundamentally unattainable with existing gravitational observatories. The developed ultrasonic method creates competition and a serious alternative to expensive projects to build gravitational observatories based on laser interferometric observation methods.

The Unified Law for Particles and Waves in Materials

Ravi Kumar Chanana — Mon, 23 Mar 2026 00:00:00 +0000

This short communication reviews the author’s research studies in the past few years and presents the unified law for particles and waves in nature with a concise description.

Direction-dependent Conductivity Effective Masses of Carriers at Velocity Saturation in Semiconductors

Ravi Kumar Chanana — Thu, 05 Mar 2026 00:00:00 +0000

This short communication further clarifies the physics-related concepts on semiconductors. It then consolidates the finding of the intrinsic Fermi energy level E_i in semiconductors, given the conductivity effective mass for electrons at velocity saturation, or determines the conductivity effective mass for electrons at velocity saturation, given the intrinsic Fermi energy level in a semiconductor. Here Silicon is used as an example.

Student-Staff Partnerships and the Use of Artificial Intelligence

Marion G. Ben-Jacob — Thu, 05 Mar 2026 00:00:00 +0000

This article discusses the benefits of student-staff collaboration and its stimulation for the academic environment. Students can learn better and pedagogues can improve on their teaching styles with the partnership. It broaches upon the value of metacognition and growth mind set, and addresses both institutional and student activities to promote the beneficial applications of artificial intelligence (AI).

Acellular Dermal Matrix for Post-Excisional Reconstruction in Oral Premalignant Lesions: A Clinical Study

Mandeep Singh Malhotra, Dr. Harsimran Singh, Dr. Neha Sharma — Fri, 13 Mar 2026 00:00:00 +0000

Oral premalignant lesions (OPLs) are a heterogeneous group of potentially malignant lesions, with multiple etiological factors, accounting for 17-35% of all new oral cancers. Early detection and effective management of these lesion is crucial for preventing malignant transformation. Surgical excision is the treatment modality which offers complete clinical response. The complexity of post-surgical oral mucosal defect and its restoration leads to limited as well as delayed adoptability of surgical modality. In recent years, Acellular Dermal Matrix (ADM) has emerged as an innovative solution for reconstructing oral cavity soft tissue defects. This sophisticated biomaterial scores over traditional reconstructive options like mucosal grafts and split-thickness skin grafts (STSGs) in terms of unlimited tissue availability and better recipient site outcomes. The very simple technique of ADM application and its better tissue assimilation makes it preferable over microvascular free tissue transfer which causes minimal contracture but demands specialized expertise and infrastructure limited buccal mucosa defects. In this study, we share our experience of 7 patients who underwent OPL excision with ADM restoration of oral mucosal defects between March 2023 to March 2025.

Comparative Designs-Models Fabricated for Non-conventional Energy Supply to A-four-storey Building using Gauss-Seidel Algorithm

Mon, 09 Mar 2026 00:00:00 +0000

The problems are that: (i) frequent power outage by inadequate infrastructure and outdated technologies led to poor supply, (ii) limited access to reliable electricity and high cost of installation of off-grid energy and fossil fuel caused financial burden on households in the region, (iii) lack of a reliable energy, low renewable sources and reliability misconceptions affected the usage of renewable energy in the region, (iv) overall reliance on fossil fuel such as: diesel and petrol despite its high cost had contributed to global warming, and lack of strong implementation strategies and research affected renewable energy applications in the region. The study is aimed at comparing models for non-conventional energy supply to a four storey Building using Gauss-Seidel Algorithm in Abo-Mbaise, Imo State, southeast region, Nigeria. The objectives of the study are to: (i) evaluate the current energy infrastructure and consumption pattern in a-six- person-household per flat in the region, (ii) identify the renewable energy resources available in the region, (iii) assess the technical, economic and viability of implementing different renewable energy systems in a-four-storey-Building and the environmental impact of utilization in the region, and (v) apply optimization algorithm on different renewable energy sources on design configurations and fabrication. The reliability of the research experiment was determined using Pearson product moment correlation (r). The experimental result of (r), was found to be approximately (r = 1.0) which confirmed 100% (percent) level of performance between the model and prototype (fabricated Flywheel). The result also shows that there exist a strong correlation between the designed (model) and the fabricated (prototype). The work concluded that: (i) the cost of energy per kwh from Enugu Electricity Distribution Company (EEDC) is ₦53.78, Solar/Battery option is ₦65.62, Flywheel option is ₦34.27, Biomass option is ₦49.97 and Wind option is ₦74.01.Therefore, cost of energy for a-4-hour supply per flat of 6-person-household per month from EEDC is ₦18,070, while (ii) the optimization (GA) results show that for every-24-hour: (i) Wind option has a minimum cost of N14.66million in 30years, N488,666:67K in one year, N40,722:22K in one month per Building of 8flats, and per flat of 6persons has to pay N5090:00K ($3.4 US Dollars) per month, (ii) Biomass option has a minimum cost of N20.62million in 30years, N687,333:33K in one year, N57,277:78K in one month per Building of 8flats, and per flat of 6persons has to pay N7,160:00K ($4.8 US Dollars) per month, (iii) Flywheel option has a minimum cost of N6.9million in 30years, N230,000:00K in one year, N19,166:67K in one month per Building of 8flats, and per flat of 6persons has to pay N2,396:00K ($1.6 US Dollars) per month and (iv) Solar/Battery has a minimum cost of N28.16million in 30years, N938,666:67K in one year, N78,222:22K in one month per Building of 8flats, and per flat of 6persons has to pay N9,778:00K ($6.5 US Dollars) per month. It further concluded that there is zero emission of Co₂ and other green house gasses using the Flywheel energy generating system and also it is the most efficient option. The work recommended that: for federal government of Nigeria to realize her vision/policy on climate change and SDG 2030: the Federal Housing Authority should promulgate a law for the provision of power supply in any building meant for rent age to reduce over-reliance on national grid, and the said regulatory council should implement the collection of appropriate tariffs using off-grid power supply in collaboration with other organizations in the renewable energy field.