Applied Sciences Research Periodicals

In Vitro Hypoglycemic Activity of Aqueous and Methanolic Phyllanthus Odontadenius Extracts

Fri, 04 Sep 2026 00:00:00 +0100

Diabetes mellitus, is one of the metabolic diseases responsible for main biotic stresses experienced by patients who suffer from it. Their devastating effects, due to oxidative stress from Reactive oxygen species, that are worsening daily and reaching undeniable epidemic proportions. Plants occupy a prominent place in human life since ancient times. Treating diabetes success with plants or plant-derived products would be of great interest because modern medications are not only expensive but sometimes cause adverse effects. Among used medicinal plants to alleviate stress caused by various metabolic diseases, Phyllanthus odontadenius is also considered one of included plants. Given plant medicinal importance, we investigated whether extracts might contain beneficial secondary metabolites could be used in diabetes treatment. This is the rationale for this in vitro study, which aims to answer the question. P. odontadenius aqueous and methanolic extracts assessment in vitro hypoglucemic activity from three sites realized. Results obtained in this study show that these plants contain secondary metabolites such as flavonoids, alkaloids, anthocyanin’s and others compounds which could be explain also the P. odontadenius glucophagic effects. However, glucose inhibitory power effects on both P. odontadenius extracts, IC50 = 3.54±1.11 mg/ml for Kasangulu, 2.92±0.59 mg/ml for Kinshasa and 3.59±1.13 for Kwango respectively for aqueous extracts and IC50 = 3.37±0.67 mg/ml for Kasangulu, 3.10±0.32 for Kinshasa and 3.69±1.00 mg/ml for Kwango respectively for methanolic extracts, are less in comparison to acarbose which used as positive control (1.31±0.62 mg/ml for aqueous extract and 1.71±0.42 for methanolic extract). Following the obtained results, P. odontadenius plants contain secondary metabolites active against diabetes but, it would be desirable to supplement this work with in-depth research, particularly on in vivo *P. odontadenius*antidiabetic activity assessment.

Determining the Peroxide Value in Simmondsia Chinensis (Golden Jojoba) Seed Oil by Acetic Acid-Chloroform Method.

Y. Yildiz — Fri, 04 Sep 2026 00:00:00 +0100

The peroxide Value (PV) is the number that expresses, in milli equivalents of active oxygen, the quantity of peroxide contained in 1000 g of the substance. The peroxide value of jojoba oil is a measure of its oxidative rancidity, indicating the excellent to which the oil has undergone primary oxidation (formation of peroxides and hydro peroxides). This is a key parameter for evaluating the oil’s freshness and stability. AOCS method for determining the peroxide value of jojoba oil is the standard iodometric titration procedure described in general monograph for fats and fatty oils. In this study, peroxide value in jojoba (Simmondsia Chinensis) seeds oil has been determined by iodometric titration method using acetic acid-chloroform reagent. The average result is less than 2 meq O₂/Kg. Relative repeatability Standard Deviation %RSD is 1.17%. The average result meets the specification.

Expand Research Paradigms and Reconcile the Two Binary Oppositions: "Relative and Absolute" and "Quantum and Classical"

Runsheng Tu — Sat, 05 Sep 2026 00:00:00 +0100

Two axioms were excavated. Axiom 1: Only by allowing communication and generating consensus can we ensure equal rights for different individuals. Axiom 2: Objective existence is an original independent existence that is independent of measurement and does not rely on third parties. Axiom 3: All real things have their objective and independent original existence states. Let A and B move relative to each other and observe each other's clocks. In the language of relativity, they all believe that the observed clock slows down. The consensus between A and B is that A clock is both slower and faster than B clock. According to Axiom 2, it can be concluded that quantum mechanics must be a 'local realism'. So, the Copenhagen quantum mechanics explanation violates Axiom 2. One of the methods for qualitatively and quantitatively coordinating relative and absolute is to assume that the clock of absolute motion slows down, thus establishing a relative absolute spatiotemporal view. According to the Dirac equation, the existence of negative mass matter can be predicted. A positive mass particle and a negative mass particle cannot fall at the same acceleration in the induced field. Einstein's explanation of spacetime curvature was fatally challenged. The potential energy of electromagnetic interactions in the Schrödinger equation can be replaced with gravitational potential energy to form the Schrödinger-Tu equation. The potential energy in the equation can be further transformed into force (electromagnetic force and/or gravitational force). the mathematical factors of quantum theory and classical theory can be written into the same equation. The classical laws of mechanics can be expressed using wave mechanics equations.