Applied Sciences Research Periodicals

Contribution of Landsat Multispectral Images to the Land Cover Dynamics of the Toéghin-Bangré Watershed for the Period 1998 to 2022 in Burkina Faso

Inès Bako, Youssouf Koussoube — Sat, 07 Sep 2024 00:00:00 +0100

Remote sensing plays an important role in the continuous observation of the earth's surface. It produces large databases that can be used to map and monitor natural resources. To this end, land-use maps are genuine planning and decision-making tools for natural resource management. The aim of this study is to use remote sensing products to show the dynamics of land use, to understand these dynamics and their impact on water resources in general and on hydrology in particular. Specifically, it is a question of identifying the similarities and differences that have occurred, and finally evaluating the rate of change. The methodology adopted is the use of the likelihood algorithm to produce three thematic classifications for the years 1998, 2010 and 2022. Overall accuracy is determined from the confusion matrix, which ranges from 80% to 91%. Supervised classification yielded seven occupancy classes: water bodies, cultivated areas, gallery forests, habitats/outcrops, grassy savannahs, wooded savannahs and bare ground. Quantification of change from 1998 to 2022, assessed by the rate of change (Tc), shows a progressive trend estimated at 31.82% (habitats/outcrops) and 43.40% (grassy savannah), and a regressive trend estimated at -17.92% (cultivated areas); -95.15% (gallery forests); -51.93% (water bodies) and -78.36% (bare ground). At the end of our study, diachronic analysis enabled us to quantify changes between the years 1998-2010, 2010-2022 and overall 1998-2022 with good precision.

A Few Year Review of Still Birth at The Prince Abubakar Audu University Teaching Hospital Anyigba, North Central Nigeria

Simon Peterside Onuche Akogu, Christian Ekpe, Timothy Idachaba, Funmilola Alakpo — Sat, 07 Sep 2024 00:00:00 +0100

Introduction: An estimated 2.6 million still birth occur annually in the world in 2015. Nigeria then accounted for about 12.2% of this being the second highest still birth rate. Still birth is death of the fetus at or after 28 weeks of gestation. In some clime it is death of a fetus at or after 22 weeks. Aim: The study aim is to review still birth, determine the rate and characteristics of stillbirth at the Prince Abubakar Audu University teaching hospital, Anyigba, North Central Nigeria. Methods: This was a retrospective study conducted at Prince Abubakar Audu University Teaching Hospital in Anyigba, Nigeria between September and December 2023. We reviewed deliveries over a 5 year period; between January, 2018 and December 2022. A tool was used to extract data on pregnancies, live births, still births and other relevant related information about the parturients. Data was analyzed (descriptive analysis) using statistical package for social sciences (SPSS) version 20. Results: The institutional stillbirth rate is 3.8% (38 per 1000 deliveries). Majority of Women that had stillbirth were in the age range 21 to 39 years (82%), 29 (56.8%) booked while 18 (38.3%) were unbooked. 25(49%) were multiparae followed by 17 (33%) who were primigravidae and 9(18%) grand multiparae. 55 % (28) of the stillbirths were macerated at delivery while 45 % (23) were fresh still births. Preeclampsia/eclampsia (19.6%) was the most identified risk factor followed by prolonged obstructed labour (11.8%), ruptured uterus (9.8), PPROM (9.8%) and Preterm delivery (9.8%). The others are abruption placentae (5.9%), maternal infection (3.9%) and congenital abnormality (2%). Conclusion: The still birth rate of 38/1000 total births is unacceptably high leaving a lot of women with muted grief after childbirth. We need more effort to eliminate or reduce the incidence of still births.

DNA and its Mosaic Structure

Argyris Nicolaidis — Mon, 16 Sep 2024 00:00:00 +0100

We consider that the DNA is an information processing system, receiving, registering and transferring information. In DNA we encounter four different nucleotides, which may be considered as the “letters” of an alphabet. Each distinct DNA base may be represented equally well by a specific number and a DNA strand by a unique Gödel number G, where G is a product of prime numbers raised to appropriate powers. We studied the statistical distribution of g, the logarithm of G, in the case of equal probability for the four DNA bases. In the present work we extend our analysis in two different directions

We consider unequal probabilities for the DNA bases
We raise the issue of scaling. For relatively small DNA strands we use the prime number theorem and we obtain a Poisson distribution for the average g. The Poisson distribution depends upon a parameter λ, which connects together the DNA pattern and the prime number density. Different values for λ lead to a mosaic structure of DNA.

Our work indicates a strong link between DNA structure, its representation by Gödel’s numbers and the distribution of the prime numbers.

A Fundamental Problem in Physics: (Mass vs Electric Charge)

Hoa van Nguyen — Sat, 19 Oct 2024 00:00:00 +0100

In modern physics there exist opposite concepts regarding the constancy and the variability of two major properties of the electron: its mass and its electric charge. Section 1: Mainstream physicists consider the mass of the electron as varying with its velocity while its electric charge as a fundamental constant of physics. Section 2: On the other hand, many other physicists maintain the opposite concept: the mass of the electron is invariant in all physical conditions while its electric charge is variable. Section 3: In the case when the mass is invariant, a mathematical expression for the variability of the electric charge of the electron in external fields will be deduced. Section 4: A thought experiment to demonstrate the variability of the electric charge of the electron in a changing magnetic field. Section 5: Discussions: (1) Why is the electric charge changed in external field? 2) Renormalizing the mass is problematic 3) Renormalizing the electric charge is innovative 4) The mystery of the mass of the muon. 5) The controversial concept of time dilation.

Rogramming the Atoms & Compounds and the Unification of Physics and Chemistry

Markos Georgallides — Wed, 25 Sep 2024 00:00:00 +0100

One of the most important concepts in Geometry is, distance, which is the Quanta in geometry, while in Material-Geometry the composition of Opposite, the Material-Point which is the Quanta in Chemistry and Physics. As in Algebra Zero ,0, is the Master-key number for all Positive and Negative numbers and this because their sum and multiplication become zero, and the same on any coordinate-System where ± axes pass from zero, The Rolling of Positive ⊕, constituent on the Negative ⊝, constituent, creates the Neutral Material Point Which Equilibrium. Angular-Momentum is identical with Spin and consists the First-Discrete-Energy-Monad which occupies, Discrete Value and Direction, in contradiction to the Point which is Nothing, Dimensionless and without any Direction. Quaternion [(+) ↻↺ (-)] ≡ Box which carries the Principal stress σ between A (+), B (-) which σ, as Centripetal-acceleration is the minimum Energy becoming from the in-storage AB acceleration and is equal to the Gravity g. Because of the two different motions, Revolving and Periodic, acceleration of the Gravity g ≡ ± σ exists as the First Energy-Box- ,while in the Second is followed the Local-Extreme-case this acceleration of Gravity g ≡ ± σ, is altered Locally by changing the Principal-stress σ with a Local-uniform-Pressure → ≡ g k = g. [ Force/Area] = G, i.e. The minimum Local - Energy acceleration is the known, Universal Gravitational-constant G = g k = g = σ, for Macrocosm and Microcosm, Obeying Newton`s Laws of motion. It was proved that, Constant G, is the mechanism for the First-kick-Start on the Granular-Energy-monad, g, which Acts in the lightest and less-mass Particle and which is the Hydrogen. The Electron-Nutation-Energy due to g, effect is the minimum frequency ≡ = 2 ,8398447. , and which so exists in all Atoms. This Energy in Hydrogen-Cave as E-M, Conductor ≡ The Pin of Atom-Plug Into their Sockets, which are the Orbit – Bracket – Hooks ≡ The Hands of Atoms, i.e. → The Atoms Plug with their Pins into the other Atoms-Drains = Holes, and so are Bonded. This is the Resonance frequency between all Atoms, and because Hydrogen is Common to all Atoms, so Bond to Molecules and Crystals, and all other Compounds in this Cosmos.

The Organization Man Paradox

Bruce J. West — Sun, 13 Oct 2024 00:00:00 +0100

Herein we examine the paradox faced by an individual after joining a large or ganization.The paradox is related to the phenomenon of the Organization Man, rst identi ed in the middle of the last century and is addressed herein using a large-scale numerical calculation of the network dynamics modeling the or ganization. This network model reduces to a fractal-order Langevin equation model of the dynamics for a single individual embedded in a complex network. An analytic solution for describing the subtle, yet dramatic, in uence of the organization (complex network) on the decision making behavior of an individ ual member of the organization is obtained. Furthermore, this adoption of the organizational behavior by the individual is the result of the way people interact with one another and is not necessarily a consequence of any overt e¤ort on the part of the organization to in uence individual behavior. In fact it is shown that a top-down approach to controlling individual behavior is unstable, whereas a bottom-up approach is resilient.