Advances in Social Sciences and Management

The Prospect of a Third World War: Analysis of Trump Interventionism and the Emerging New World Order

2026-06-15T18:30:15+01:00

This paper examines whether contemporary United States foreign policy under President Donald Trump increases the probability of a third world war, analysing the interventionist dimensions of the "America First" doctrine and its implications for the emerging global order. Drawing on primary documents including the 2025 National Security Strategy, scholarly analyses from international relations journals, and contemporaneous reporting on diplomatic and military actions, the study identifies four mechanisms through which Trump-era foreign policy potentially escalates systemic risk: the dismantling of multilateral constraints on the use of force, the substitution of transactional coercion for rules-based diplomacy, the redefinition of spheres of influence through threatened or actual military intervention and the erosion of alliance reliability that undermines deterrence. The analysis reveals a paradoxical condition: an administration that rhetorically prioritises peace and non-entanglement has simultaneously engaged in unilateral military actions (Venezuela, Nigeria), threatened force against NATO allies (Denmark/Greenland), pursued peace plans which critics characterise as capitulation to revisionist powers (Ukraine), and abandoned arms control frameworks. The paper concludes that while direct great-power war remains improbable, the systematic dismantling of institutional guardrails combined with miscalculation risks inherent in transactional foreign policy, elevates the probability of cascading conflicts that could draw major powers into confrontation. The emerging "new world order" is characterised not by balance or concert but by managed fragmentation, with the United States repositioning as a hemispheric power while delegating European security to European actors and competing with China primarily through economic instruments.

A Revenue Stream, Not a Refuge: The Universal Economics of Predation in Post-Gaddafi Libya

2026-06-24T09:45:01+01:00

This paper argues that the absence of a functioning state in post-Gaddafi Libya has not produced indifference toward those who pass through or return to its territory but has instead produced a predatory economy that extracts value from anyone within reach, calibrated not to who a person is but to what that person has to offer. Drawing on United Nations, United States government, and investigative reporting from 2011 through early 2026, the paper identifies four currencies of extraction operating across Libya's fragmented territory: ransom, drawn from anyone with a reachable family member or asset abroad, whether a transiting migrant or a returning professional; forced labor and sexual exploitation, drawn from those with little else to offer; political leverage, drawn from anyone whose documented history of activism or dissent makes them useful to one armed faction or another; and communal liability, drawn from entire families, tribes, or towns associated with a marked individual. None of these currencies depends on the survival of any particular government, including Gaddafi's, because none of them is a function of state policy; each is a function of its absence. The paper concludes that no segment of Libya's population, and no Libyan returning from abroad regardless of class, profession, or political history, can be reliably certified safe under current conditions, since safety within this system would require the absence of anything an armed actor could plausibly extract, a condition that very few people meet.

The Other, Unexplored and Insidious Aspect of the ‘Oil Curse’ in Sub-Saharan Africa: A View from Doba in Chad

2026-06-24T18:24:22+01:00

Whilst oil ranks among the most powerful resources for transforming economies and driving industrial, infrastructural and human development, its extraction via the Chad–Cameroon pipeline has led to unusual negative outcomes. In Doba, observation, life narratives, interviews and documentary research reveal the roots and tragic effects of the oil curse in sub-Saharan Africa. The article adopts an exploratory approach to examine the foundations of this dire situation, going beyond the usual observations. Drawing on Harold Garfinkel’s ethnomethodology, it identifies four key areas: the nature of the curses prevalent in Black Africa; their specific manifestations in Doba, Chad; the evolution of practices that have enabled their neutralisation; and an empirical approach aimed at normalising the management of oil revenues. The analysis shows that the curse is a social construct rooted in specific configurations of actors.

Why it's so Easy to Hypnotize, and why Hypnotizability has Persisted to this Day – An Experimental and Anthropological Answer

2026-06-24T18:24:14+01:00

The Educational and Cultural Events of the Faculty of Arts and Humanities at Cheikh Anta Diop University of Dakar and their Influence on the Personality of Senegalese Students Studying Russian Language

2026-06-29T11:44:01+01:00

This article deals with the cultural and educational activities at the Faculty of Philology and Humanities that influence Senegalese students in Russian language and their personal qualities.

Educational Schizophrenia: Leadership for Today's School

2026-07-06T19:48:42+01:00

Modern pedagogical leadership represents a profound transition from a traditionally administrative and authoritarian role into an articulating figure that serves as a facilitator of conditions . This contemporary approach demands a dynamic balance between technical rigor (curriculum mastery, data-driven decision-making, and regulatory compliance) and high human sensitivity (empathy, assertive communication, and conflict resolution) to mobilize the talent within school communities. To meet the demands of the 21st-century school system, leaders must fulfill specific legal, training, and socio-emotional competencies that enable them to build cultures of high trust and psychological safety . Among their critical functions, prominent highlights include fostering collaborative work through the establishment of Professional Learning Communities (PLCs) and, prioritized for immediate impact, optimizing advanced co-teaching models (such as parallel or team teaching) within heterogeneous classrooms. This relational and inclusive leadership aims to dismantle environmental barriers to guarantee the progress and learning of all students, effectively transforming bureaucracy into real opportunities for continuous professional development for the teaching staff.

The Disgrace of the Pseudo-black African Elite in the Context of a Unique Opportunity for Development Through Oil

2026-07-08T00:33:54+01:00

Studies evaluating extractive projects often fail to examine the contribution of local communities and their elites to the goal of raising living standards. The result is generally a severe blow to the ideal of having even the slightest certainty that the predicted economic trajectory can be positively altered. The reasoning of these direct beneficiaries, which is quickly dismissed as platitudes – not merely to gloss over them – distorts our understanding of the countless failures observed. It appears that the elites in Dumpla, in the broadest sense, have not worked particularly effectively to fulfil the commitment outlined by the World Bank: that of reducing their poverty through the Chad-Cameroon oil project. Observation, interviews and documentary research, amongst other methods, were employed. Two objectives were achieved. The first highlights the capacity of development sociology to shed light on the actions of actors beyond reproach. The second enables the formulation of a collaborative approach that gives a voice to the exploited communities. Harold Garfinkel’s ethnomethodology provides the theoretical framework for this research. Three expected outcomes were identified, namely: manifestations of ill will, abuse of authority, and a lack of patriotism and civic-mindedness.

Latin Quarter Broken Down or on the Eve of these Torments

2026-07-08T00:33:46+01:00

Kaélé, the administrative centre of the Mayo-Kani Department in Cameroon’s Far North Region, faces a striking shortfall in its future human resources. Upon objective examination of the potential factors behind this situation, local families—and, more broadly speaking, the wider community—are one of the causes. Reversing this fate—which stands in stark contrast to the former glory achieved by their forebears in areas such as education, the economy, industry and technocracy, amongst others—contrasts sharply with the attitudes expressed by young people today. The glorious achievements of their elders, when brought to light, remain the very factors behind the transformation of the name Kaélé into that of the ‘Latin Quarter ’. Indeed, families must obviously strive to uphold these gold standards in order to combat the underdevelopment that looms over the neighbourhood. Harold Garfinkel’s ethnomethodology lends this endeavour its scientific vitality. The study confirms that ‘families of yesterday and today’ contribute, through untransmitted variables, to a probable decline. That they no longer foster sufficient intellectual, technical and cognitive skills. Quite apart from the much-discussed marital trends, new parents no longer seek to enlighten their children. The new division of labour assigns to spouses in Kaélé – as much as to those in similarly structured African communities – a degree of underperformance.