https://hspublishing.org/GRES <p><strong><em>Global Research in Environment and Sustainability (GRES)</em></strong> is an open access and peer-reviewed international journal. Environmental sustainability has become an increasingly important topic in today's world as the impacts of climate change and human activities on the planet continue to grow. Research in this area focuses on identifying solutions to mitigate these impacts and promote sustainable practices. From renewable energy and waste reduction to conservation and ecosystem management, environmental sustainability research is critical for the preservation of the natural world and the well-being of future generations. This research is multidisciplinary, involving scientists, policymakers, and the general public in the pursuit of a sustainable future.</p> Headstart Publishing - United Kingdom en-US Global Research in Environment and Sustainability 3033-3644 https://hspublishing.org/GRES/article/view/1569 <p>This study aimed to find the efficiencies of the three extracts of<em> Boscia Senegalensis (Pers.) Lam. ex Poir</em> barks are natural coagulants that improve drinking water quality, unlike other chemical coagulants. Compare the differences between powder and extracts as natural coagulants to reduce turbidity from turbid water. Raw water collected from a big pool in Abéché (CHAD) with a high turbidity level, the plant also collected from that area and analyzed by (FTIR) analyses revealed the presence of various characteristic functional groups (dried plant powder). The study highlights the use of Extracts of the&nbsp;<em>Boscia Senegalensis</em> barks in different Solvents and solutions (HCl, NaOH, and NaCl). In a concentration of 1M to extract the active substances (proteins), the use of (HCl, NaOH, and NaCl) solutions resulted in a high turbidity removal efficiency (88, 92, and 83.3) % respectively. Regarding other parameters pH and EC (Electrical Conductivity) showed some variation with increasing doses,&nbsp;as for the pH values when the coagulant doses increased there was a reversed relation between the acid extract and the base extract. When comparing these results with the results of the previous study [1] in which the powder of this plant was used, results of this study indicated that the extracts showed higher activity in much lower quantities than the powder.&nbsp;<strong>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </strong></p> Abdelhamid M. Essa E. E. Hago M. O. Mohammed B. K. Abdalla Copyright (c) 2026 Abdelhamid M. Essa, E. E. Hago, M. O. Mohammed, B. K. Abdalla http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 2026-07-17 2026-07-17 4 04 41 49 10.63002/gres.404.1569 https://hspublishing.org/GRES/article/view/1586 <h1> </h1> <p>The agricultural sector in Palestine faces increasing threats from emerging invasive pest species, exacerbated by climate change, intensified global trade, and the widespread use of broad-spectrum insecticides that disrupt natural biological control mechanisms. In response to these challenges, the Palestinian Ministry of Agriculture, in collaboration with the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) and supported by the Government of Japan and the European Union, has developed and endorsed comprehensive surveillance protocols for ten priority emerging plant pests. These protocols address pests of significant economic concern, including the Grapevine Leafhopper (<em>Erythroneura elegantula</em>), Guava Fruit Fly (<em>Bactrocera zonata</em>), Olive Psyllid (<em>Euphyllura straminea</em>), Red Palm Weevil (<em>Rhynchophorus ferrugineus</em>), Dubas Bug (<em>Ommatissus lybicus</em>), Avocado Shot Hole Borer (<em>Euwallacea</em> sp.), Opuntia Cochineal Scale (<em>Dactylopius opuntiae</em>), Cucurbit Fly (<em>Dacus ciliatus</em>), Fall Armyworm (<em>Spodoptera frugiperda</em>), and Spotted Wing Drosophila (<em>Drosophila suzukii</em>).</p> <p>Each pest protocol follows a standardized framework encompassing pest identification, life cycle determination, economic impact assessment, symptom recognition, and integrated management strategies that emphasize population monitoring and conservation of natural enemies. The protocols integrate both traditional surveillance methods and innovative detection technologies, including pheromone-based trapping, acoustic sensing, canine detection, and molecular diagnostics. Grounded in International Plant Protection Convention (IPPC) standards, these field-ready tools are designed to empower plant protection professionals, extension specialists, and farmers to implement effective surveillance programs and make evidence-based pest management decisions. The successful implementation of these protocols is critical for safeguarding agricultural productivity, ensuring food security, protecting biodiversity, maintaining international market access, and sustaining the livelihoods of farming communities in Palestine. This document serves as a practical guide that will undergo regular review and updating as new pest threats emerge and scientific understanding advances.</p> Abdul-Jalil Hamdan Copyright (c) 2026 Abdul-Jalil Hamdan http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 2026-07-13 2026-07-13 4 04 01 40 10.63002/gres.404.1586