https://hspublishing.org/GRES <p><strong><em>Global Research in Environment and Sustainability (GRES)</em></strong> is an open access and peer-reviewed international journal. Environmental sustainability has become an increasingly important topic in today's world as the impacts of climate change and human activities on the planet continue to grow. Research in this area focuses on identifying solutions to mitigate these impacts and promote sustainable practices. From renewable energy and waste reduction to conservation and ecosystem management, environmental sustainability research is critical for the preservation of the natural world and the well-being of future generations. This research is multidisciplinary, involving scientists, policymakers, and the general public in the pursuit of a sustainable future.</p> Headstart Publishing - United Kingdom en-US Global Research in Environment and Sustainability 3033-3644 https://hspublishing.org/GRES/article/view/1167 <p>The integration of organic and inorganic fertilizers is essential to improve the fertility of highly weathered tropical acid soils. Soil incubation study was conducted to evaluate the mineralization of nutrients in Bekenu Series soil following the application of black soldier fly larvae (BSFL) frass in combination with NPK Green fertilizer. Results showed that combined BSFL frass and NPK Green treatments (SFN1–SFN9) significantly increased soil pH from 4.21 to 5.67–6.18, whereas BSFL frass alone slightly reduced soil pH. The highest cation exchange capacity (10.87 cmol(+) kg⁻¹) was recorded in SFN5, contributing to improved nutrient retention and balanced electrical conductivity. Organic matter content ranged from 5.80% to 16.30%, with higher mineralization observed in SF3 (16.30%), SFN3 (11.34%), and SFN4 (14.19). Phosphorus availability was enhanced particularly in SFN4, SFN1, SFN7, and SFN8. Treatments such as SFN2, SFN3, SFN4, SFN7, and SFN8 improved soil pH, nutrient availability, and overall agronomic properties. Exchangeable Al³⁺, H⁺, and Zn²⁺ remained below toxic thresholds, although slight increases were noted as soil pH declined over time. These findings highlight the potential of BSFL frass, particularly when integrated with NPK Green, to enhance nutrient mineralization and improve the fertility status of Bekenu Series soil.</p> Mohd Hasyrin Hassan Latifah Omar Susilawati Kasim Osumanu Haruna Ahmed Copyright (c) 2025 Mohd Hasyrin Hassan, Latifah Omar, Susilawati Kasim, Osumanu Haruna Ahmed http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 2025-11-19 2025-11-19 3 06 01 14 10.63002/gres.306.1167 https://hspublishing.org/GRES/article/view/1199 <p>Understanding the variability of monsoonal rainfall is vital for assessing climatic patterns and their implications on agriculture and water resources in Northeast India—a region characterized by complex topography and high rainfall variability. This study investigates long-term trends and anomalies in rainfall across Northeast India using NASA POWER (DAV) point-based precipitation data. The Mann–Kendall (MK) test, ITA and Sen’s slope estimator were applied to detect and quantify monotonic trends and sub-trends in rainfall time series, while rainfall anomalies were computed to assess monsoonal rainfall variability. Results indicate spatial variation, with increasing monsoon rainfall trends observed in the northeastern states as per the statistical analysis and ITA plot. While the monsoonal rainfall anomalies shows both wet and dry periods amongst the states indicating the variation of rainfall patterns in the region. These findings can further enhance understanding of regional rainfall dynamics and provide a scientific basis for improving climate adaptation and water resource management in Northeast India.</p> Thejanguno Peseyie Copyright (c) 2025 Thejanguno Peseyie http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 2025-11-19 2025-11-19 3 06 15 25 10.63002/gres.306.1199