Journal of Research in Engineering and Computer Sciences

Lead-Acid Charge Controller For Stand Alone PV System

2025-12-29T07:45:32+00:00

In this paper, in an autonomous PV system, battery charging control is performed using DC to DC Buck converter. The battery charging procedure is managed by the DC to DC Buck Converter. In order to guarantee that the battery is charged steadily and effectively, MPPT techniques are employed. lead-acid battery is employed as the energy storage unit due to its cost-effectiveness. To make sure the system operates effectively, it must function at the maximum power point (MPP). Therefore, battery charging control is designed to track the MPP and maintain optimal performance of the PV system. Incremental Conductance (IC) methods. The proposed of this methods are applied to an autonomous PV system modeled in the MATLAB-Simulink program using identical sampling times at different step sizes. MATLAB-Simulink, a popular program in electrical engineering and system modeling, is used to model the system in order to confirm that it operates accurately and effectively. In this simulation, several step sizes are compared using the same sampling times. The compared of simulation results based on control performance criteria represented by settling time and steady state error. One of the most effective methods for monitoring the Maximum Power Point (MPP) in standalone PV systems is the Incremental Conductance (IC) approach. The PV system's performance can be maximized through system simulation, guaranteeing exact control over battery charging. The PV system's battery life and energy efficiency can be increased by achieving system stability and precisely tracking the MPP.

Effect of Catalyst Modification Method of Chicken Manure Catalyst on Optimal Biodiesel Production From Waste Cooking Oil

2026-01-08T05:26:46+00:00

In this study, chicken manure modified with nickel sulphate using three modification methods; wet impregnation, sol-gel and hydrothermal methods for the production of biodiesel from waste cooking oil. The influence of the modification method on the optimum yield of biodiesel was studied. Brunauer-Emmett and Teller analysis, fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscope, X-ray diffraction, and X-ray fluorescence were used in characterizing the modified catalysts. Optimization of biodiesel production was carried out using response surface methodology to determine optimum yield. The efficiencies of the catalysts were tested via reusability analysis. The catalysts characterization revealed high surface area, with catalyst modified using sol-gel method having the highest surface area and pore volume of 355.36 m²/g and 0.23 cc/g. Acidic and basic oxides such as CaO, SiO2, NiO, SO3, Al2O3 and Fe₂O3 in significant quantities were present in the catalysts produced. Also, the sol gel modified catalyst performed best with optimum yield of 96.82 % with methanol/oil ratio of 12.98:1, catalyst loading of 3.66 wt.%, temperature of 59℃, and reaction time of 86.45 minutes. High biodiesel yields greater than 70 % after four cycles were observed using the catalysts. The produced biodiesel were all within the acceptable limits by ASTM D6751 and EN 14214 standards.

Biodiesel Production from Tropical Almond (Terminalia Cattapa) Seed Oil Using a Bi-Functional Catalyst Derived from Almond Shell and Calcined Snail Shell

2026-01-08T05:26:25+00:00

This study investigated the production of biodiesel from almond seed oil using bio-based heterogeneous catalyst developed from doped snail shell and almond shell. The Almond seed oil was characterized with low acid value of 0.28 mgKOH/g. The catalyst was characterized using scanning electron microscope (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, and Brunauer, Emmett and Teller (BET) analysis to assess its suitability. Biodiesel production was carried out via a single step transesterification process as planned utilizing the Box-Behnken Design (BBD). The process was modeled and optimized using the response surface methodology (RSM). The bi-functional catalyst had high surface area of 272.440 m²/g. An optimal yield of 98.80% was obtained with a methanol: oil ratio of 6, temperature of 60^oC, catalyst loading of 1.50 wt%, and reaction time of 90 minutes. R² value of 0.9840 was obtained, indication the adequacy of RSM in modeling biodiesel production. Biodiesel produced at the optimum conditions was within the specifications when compared with ASTM D6751 and EN 14214 standards.