The Disenchantment in Modern Physics

Abstract

Isaac Newton looms over the Enlightenment as the giant who steered humanity out from under the dark shadows of superstition and into the bright, sterile light of the mechanical universe. Armed with the navigational tools of empirical evidence and mathematical proofs, he deciphered the forces of nature using human reason alone. With the publication of his masterwork Principia in 1687, the archaic belief in Nature’s soul was left shipwrecked on the shores of the unscientific past. Newton’s legacy is scientific positivism, or the belief that an idea is true only when it can be proved mathematically. If, in collective memory, René Descartes (1596-1650) succeeded in splitting the mind from the body, then Newton’s clockwork universe desacralized nature and cleaved the body from the soul. [43] At the end of 1918, Max Weber proclaimed at the University of Munich that ‘the fate of our times’ is the ‘disenchantment of the world’ The understanding that mystery and sacredness was disappearing from a world increasingly dominated by industry, science, and technology had its intellectual roots in German Romanticism, where it had found expression in the works of Novalis and Friederich Hölderlin.  After Weber reintroduced the evocative term, “Entzauberung”, it would go on to have a deep impact on theories of modernity developed by the following generations.[44] Newton dressed his mystical intuition in mathematical proofs before presenting his ideas to the world. The father of mechanical science believed that spirit animated matter and his work was to understand, using the gifts of his meager human intellect, the eternal and divine. This article focusses on the “Prima Materia”  described by Isaac Newton [43] and already thousands of years ago  in “The Emerald Tablet of Hermes Trismegistus”. [45]  In the Emerald Tablet, the “One Thing” refers to the “Prima Materia”. This was then acted upon by the thoughts or word of the One Mind to create the material reality we can observe with our senses. The fundamental concept of the “Prima Materia”” has been expressed in Equation (16) and (17) in which” Light” is the “Prima Materia” of our reality and the origin of our universe. Light is the building material out of which this universe has been created. The new theory, describing  electro-magnetic-gravitational-acceleration force density interactions (expressed in N/m3), has been discussed at astronomical levels: Gravitational RedShift, Black Holes and Dark Matter and at sub-atomic levels: The absorption and emission of light at sub-atomic levels in concentric spheres by an atom at discrete energy levels. Evidence will be demonstrated about the correctness of this new electro-dynamic theory which represents the only theory which connects electro-dynamics in a correct way with plasma-dynamics. In general the gravitational (acceleration) force densities, originating from rotation and linear accelerations, are being ignored but with nuclear fusion processes these gravitational (acceleration) forces become fundamental and are necessary to develop a stable nuclear fusion process. Differently than in General Relativity, the electro-magnetic-gravitational-acceleration force density interactions (expressed in N/m3) [35] fundamentally has been based on the divergence of the sum of the “Stress Energy Tensor” and the introduced “Gravitational-Acceleration” Tensor.  The theory describes “Gravitational-Acceleration-Electromagnetic” Interaction resulting in a mathematical Tensor presentation for BLACK HOLEs. (Gravitational Electromagnetic Confinements) [1] The “Electromagnetic Energy Gradient” creates a second order effect “Lorentz Transformation” which results in the Gravitational Field of BLACK HOLEs which determines the interaction force density between the confinement of Light (BLACK HOLE’s) and the “Gravitational-Acceleration”  Field. Einstein approached the interaction between gravity and light by the introduction of the “Einstein Gravitational Constant” in the 4-dimensional Energy-Stress Tensor (1). In this alternative approach related to General Relativity, the interaction between gravity and light has been presented by the sum of  the Electromagnetic Tensor and the “Gravitational-Acceleration” Tensor  (2) . The new theory describes the impact of "CURL" [38] within the gravitational fields around Black Holes and the impact on Gravitational Lensing. Gravitational "CURL" (Equation 6) is an effect which cannot be explained and calculated by General Relativity. The new approach presents mathematical solutions for the BLACK HOLEs (Gravitational Electromagnetic Interaction)  introduced in 1955 by Jonh Archibald Wheeler in the  publication in Physical Review Letters in 1955 [1]. The mathematical solutions for BLACK HOLEs are fundamental solutions for the relativistic quantum mechanical Dirac equation (Quantum Physics) in Tensor presentation (41). Assuming a constant speed of light “c” and Planck’s constant ħ within the BLACK HOLE, the radius “R”  of the BLACK HOLE with the energy of a proton, is about 1% of the radius of the hydrogen atom (14).   The New Theory has been tested in an experiment with 2 Galileo Satellites and a Ground Station by measuring the Gravitational RedShift in an by the Ground Station emitted stable  MASER frequency [2]. The difference between the calculation for Gravitational RedShift, within the Gravitational Field of the Earth, in “General Relativity” and the “New Theory” is smaller than 10^-16  (12) and (13)^.    In all “General Redshift Experiments”  “General Relativity” and the New Electrodynamic-Gravitational-Acceleration” Theory predict a Gravitational RedShift with a difference smaller than 15 digits beyond the decimal point which is  beyond the accuracy of modern “Gravitational Redshift” observations. Both values are always within the measured Gravitational RedShift in all observations being published since the first observation of the gravitational redshift in the spectral lines from the White Dwarf which was the measurement of the shift of the star Sirius B, the white dwarf companion to the star Sirius, by W.S. Adams in 1925 at Mt. Wilson Observatory. Theories which unify Quantum Physics and General Relativity [32], like “String Theory”,  predict the non-constancy of natural constants. Accurate observations of the NASA Messenger [11] observe in time a value for the gravitational  constant “G” which constrains until (  C'     /G  to be < 4 × 10^-14 per year) . One of the characteristics of the New Theory is the “Constant Value” in time for the Gravitational Constant “G” in unifying General Relativity and Quantum Physics.