Retractions

Contemporary Perspectives on Bussiness and Organization (CPBO) is committed to maintaining the accuracy, transparency, and integrity of the scholarly record. The journal handles post-publication issues in accordance with recognized publication-ethics principles, including relevant COPE guidlines.

Corrections

A Correction may be published when a published article contains an error that affects its accuracy, interpretation, or bibliographic information but does not invalidate the overall findings or conclusions. Corrections may include errors in authorship, affiliations, factual or methodological information, tables, figures, references, or other substantive content. Minor typographical or formatting errors that do not affect the scholarly meaning may be corrected without a separate notice.

Retractions

A Retraction may be issued when an article contains substantial errors or integrity concerns that make its findings or conclusions unreliable. Grounds may include fabrication or falsification, plagiarism or serious duplication, major methodological or analytical errors, unethical research, serious breaches of participant protection, or other significant publication-ethics concerns.

Retracted articles will normally remain part of the scholarly record but will be clearly marked as retracted, with a linked retraction notice stating the reason for the action.

Expressions of Concern

Where a credible concern exists but there is insufficient evidence to make an immediate correction or retraction, CPBO may publish an Expression of Concern while the matter is investigated.

Withdrawal and Article Removal

Manuscripts may be withdrawn before publication in legitimate and compelling circumstances. Once published, an article will not ordinarily be removed solely at an author's request.

In exceptional cases involving serious legal, ethical, or safety concerns, an article may be removed from public access. Where this occurs, CPBO will retain appropriate bibliographic information and a notice explaining the action whenever possible.

Post-Publication Concerns

Authors, readers, reviewers, and other stakeholders may report errors or publication-integrity concerns to the editorial office. CPBO will assess concerns objectively and may seek information from authors, reviewers, editors, institutions, or other relevant parties before determining appropriate action.

Corrections, Expressions of Concern, and Retraction notices will be clearly linked to the affected article to ensure transparency and preserve the integrity of the scholarly record.