The Study of Human Energy Expenditure in Servo Tomato Cultivation Using a Drip Irrigation System in East Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia

Abstract

This study evaluates physiological energy expenditure during servo tomato cultivation using a drip irrigation system in East Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia. Pulse rate measurements before and after work activities were used to estimate energy expenditure. Statistical analysis (mean and standard deviation) was conducted to classify workload intensity. The maintenance stage required the highest total energy (360.49 kcal), followed by land preparation (229.35 kcal), installation (148.52 kcal), irrigation (147.00 kcal), and planting (46.04 kcal). The findings emphasize the importance of ergonomic workload management to improve worker safety and agricultural sustainability.