Assessing the Impact of Generative AI on Labour Market Across Europe: An ANP Approach

Abstract

This paper studies how Generative AI affects labour markets in ten EU countries within the regulatory framework of the EU AI Act. Using the Analytic Network Process (ANP), it compares countries based on factors related to AI exposure, workforce skills, technological adoption, innovation, and labour-market resilience. The results show significant differences between European countries, as each labour market responds differently to changes in the factors considered. Overall, the study shows that the same AI regulation can have different effects across Member States because their labour markets have different levels of preparedness and resilience. Therefore, the EU AI Act should be supported by more targeted policies adapted to the specific needs and vulnerabilities of each country.