The Impacts of Premenstrual Syndromes on the Academic Performance of Medical

Abstract

Premenstrual Syndrome (PMS) is a multifactorial condition that affects a large proportion of women of reproductive age, impacting their quality of life and academic performance. This cross-sectional study, with a quantitative approach, evaluated the prevalence and impacts of PMS in 78 medical students from the University Center of Maceió (UNIMA), between August 2024 and June 2025. Data were collected through a structured electronic form, covering sociodemographic aspects, physical and emotional symptoms, lifestyle habits, gynecological history, and academic performance. Most participants (75.6%) are in the age range between 18 and 24 years, and 65.4% report having or having been hired with PMS. The most frequent symptoms were irritability (91%), fatigue (84.6%), and cravings for specific foods (75.6%). Globally,85.9% of female students reported some degree of impairment during the premenstrual period, with particular emphasis on decreased academic and exam performance, as well as absences from classes and difficulty concentrating. Interpersonal relationships were also impacted, especially with colleagues and family. Despite the use of contraceptive methods by the participants, the symptoms of PMS are significant, indicating the need for broader and more multidimensional approaches. The study reinforces the importance of implementing institutional strategies external to the mental health and well being of students, considering the emotional, financial, and academic impacts of PMS during medical training.